Previously I had discussed about how to install Django 3 on Ubuntu 18.04 and run it using a development server. I am now discussing how to deploy Django 3 on Ubuntu 18.04 and run it using a Nginx HTTP server combined with a Gunicorn WSGI server.
*0.System requirements*
The software needed is:
· Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS (IP 216.158.228.175) · Django app · Nginx (HTTP server) · Gunicorn (WSGI server) · Domain (django.getbox.xyz)
Django Deployment Architecture
HTTP requests from clients (web browsers) will be served by Nginx, if the requested request is a Django script (Python) then Nginx sends the request (reverse proxy) to Gunicorn (Green Unicorn – WSGI server). Then from Gunicorn accessing Django, then the results (response) are sent back from Django-> Gunicorn-> Nginx-> Web Browser.
*1.Install Django app*
Setting up the Django app for demo, if you already have the Django app, skip this step, proceed to the Gunicorn installation.
Install pip, virtualenv, and django.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 sudo apt install python3-pip -y sudo su pip3 install virtualenv exit cd; mkdir mydjango; cd mydjango virtualenv env source env/bin/activate pip install Django==3.0 django-admin startproject myproject .
Project configuration.
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1 vi myproject/settings.py
Ubah opsi ALLOWED_HOSTS dan tambahkan opsi STATIC_ROOT.
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1 2 ALLOWED_HOSTS = [‘django.getbox.xyz’, ‘127.0.0.1’] STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ‘static/’)
Run collectstatic to collect all static files (images, css, js).
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1 python manage.py collectstatic
The result
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1 130 static files copied to ‘/home/musaamin/mydjango/static’.
Try running it with a development server.
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1 python manage.py runserver
The result
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Performing system checks… System check identified no issues ( silenced). You have 17 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions. Run ‘python manage.py migrate’ to apply them. January 18, 2020 – 23:44:34 Django version 3.0, using settings ‘myproject.settings’ Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/ Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
Press CTRL + C to stop the development server.
*2.Install Gunicorn*
Install gunicorn via pip.
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1 pip install gunicorn
Run Django with Gunicorn.
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1 gunicorn –bind 127.0.0.1:8000 myproject.wsgi
The result
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1 2 3 4 [2020-01-18 23:48:07 +0000] [18863] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 20.0.4 [2020-01-18 23:48:07 +0000] [18863] [INFO] Listening at: http://127.0.0.1:8000 (18863) [2020-01-18 23:48:07 +0000] [18863] [INFO] Using worker: sync [2020-01-18 23:48:07 +0000] [18866] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 18866
Press CTRL + C to stop the gunicorn.
Exit the virtual environment.
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1 deactivate
-Create Gunicorn service-
Create Gunicorn service so that Gunicorn doesn’t need to be run manually, keep running in the background (daemon), and by default it is active at boot (autostart).
Creating a service configuration file.
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1 sudo vi /etc/systemd/system/mydjango.service
Fill in the file with the code below.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 [Unit] Description=Gunicorn mydjango After=network.target [Service] User=musaamin Group=www-data WorkingDirectory=/home/musaamin/mydjango ExecStart=/home/musaamin/mydjango/env/bin/gunicorn \ –access-logfile log/gunicorn/mydjango.access.log \ –error-logfile log/gunicorn/mydjango.error.log \ –workers 3 \ –bind unix:/home/musaamin/mydjango/mydjango.sock myproject.wsgi:application [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
Create log directory.
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1 mkdir -p ~/mydjango/log/gunicorn
Run the service and check the status.
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1 2 3 sudo systemctl start mydjango sudo systemctl enable mydjango sudo systemctl status mydjango
The result.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 mydjango.service – Gunicorn mydjango Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/mydjango.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Mon 2020-01-20 02:11:23 UTC; 53s ago Main PID: 10965 (gunicorn) Tasks: 4 (limit: 4915) CGroup: /system.slice/mydjango.service “”10965 /home/musaamin/mydjango/env/bin/python3 /home/musaamin/mydjango/env/bin/gunicorn –access-logfile log/gunicorn/mydjango.access.log –error-logfile log/gunicorn/mydjango.error.log –workers 3 –bind unix:/home/musaamin/mydjango/mydjango.sock myproject.wsgi:application “”10968 /home/musaamin/mydjango/env/bin/python3 /home/musaamin/mydjango/env/bin/gunicorn –access-logfile log/gunicorn/mydjango.access.log –error-logfile log/gunicorn/mydjango.error.log –workers 3 –bind unix:/home/musaamin/mydjango/mydjango.sock myproject.wsgi:application “”10969 /home/musaamin/mydjango/env/bin/python3 /home/musaamin/mydjango/env/bin/gunicorn –access-logfile log/gunicorn/mydjango.access.log –error-logfile log/gunicorn/mydjango.error.log –workers 3 –bind unix:/home/musaamin/mydjango/mydjango.sock myproject.wsgi:application “”10970 /home/musaamin/mydjango/env/bin/python3 /home/musaamin/mydjango/env/bin/gunicorn –access-logfile log/gunicorn/mydjango.access.log –error-logfile log/gunicorn/mydjango.error.log –workers 3 –bind unix:/home/musaamin/mydjango/mydjango.sock myproject.wsgi:application Jan 20 02:11:23 intrsrv01.getbox.xyz systemd[1]: Started Gunicorn mydjango.
*3.Install Nginx*
Install Nginx web server.
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1 sudo apt install nginx
Create a server block for django.getbox.xyz.
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1 sudo vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/django.getbox.xyz.conf
Fill in the file with the code below.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 server { listen 80; server_name django.getbox.xyz; location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; } location /static/ { root /home/musaamin/mydjango; } location / { include proxy_params; proxy_pass http://unix:/home/musaamin/mydjango/mydjango.sock; } access_log /var/log/nginx/django.getbox.xyz.access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/django.getbox.xyz.error.log warn; }
Test Nginx configuration.
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1 sudo nginx -t
The message is displayed if there are no errors in the Nginx configuration.
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1 2 nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Restart Nginx.
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1 2 sudo systemctl restart nginx sudo systemctl status nginx
*4.Pengujian*
Browse the Django application domain.
Django Default Page
Good luck ð